English Tenses Trainer

PAST • ПРОШЕДШЕЕ

Past Perfect Continuous

Процесс длился до момента в прошлом • had + been + V-ing

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TENSY

Теперь посмотрим не просто назад, а на процесс, который уже шёл до другого момента в прошлом.

КАРТОЧКА 1

Главная идея

ПРОЦЕСС ДЛИЛСЯ ДО МОМЕНТА В ПРОШЛОМ

КАК ДОЛГО ЭТО ПРОИСХОДИЛО ДО ТОГО МОМЕНТА?

Tom had been studying for two hours before his friend arrived.

Том занимался уже два часа до того, как пришёл его друг.

  1. Том начал заниматься раньше.
  2. Процесс длился два часа.
  3. Потом произошло другое событие прошлого — пришёл друг.

КАРТОЧКА 2

Временная линия

PAST                                   NOW
●══════════════════●────────────────────●
START             FRIEND ARRIVED
     2 HOURS

════ — процесс. ● справа — момент прошлого, до которого этот процесс длился.

КАРТОЧКА 3

Present Perfect Continuous и Past Perfect Continuous

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

HAVE / HAS + BEEN + V-ING

процесс до NOW

I have been studying for two hours.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

HAD + BEEN + V-ING

процесс до момента в прошлом

I had been studying for two hours before Tom arrived.

КАРТОЧКА 4

Perfect Continuous = процесс + длительность

МЕНЯЕТСЯ ТОЛЬКО ТОЧКА ОТСЧЁТА

Present Perfect Continuous — до настоящего. Past Perfect Continuous — до момента в прошлом.

КАРТОЧКА 5

Формула: HAD + BEEN + V-ING

HAD + BEEN + V-ING

У всех лиц одинаково — HAD.

I had been working.

You had been working.

He had been working.

She had been working.

We had been working.

They had been working.

КАРТОЧКА 6

Мнемоника

HAD → BEEN → ING

  • HAD — прошлое относительно прошлого
  • BEEN — часть Perfect Continuous
  • V-ING — процесс

HAD BEEN + ING = ПРОЦЕСС ШЁЛ ДО ТОГО МОМЕНТА

КАРТОЧКА 7

Утверждение, отрицание, вопрос

+ Subject + had + been + V-ing

I had been working.

− Subject + hadn't + been + V-ing

I hadn't been working.

? Had + subject + been + V-ing ?

Had I been working?

Tom had been studying. → Had Tom been studying?

HAD выходит вперёд. BEEN + V-ING остаются вместе.

КАРТОЧКА 8

HOW LONG? — как долго?

How long had you been waiting before the bus arrived?

Как долго ты ждал до того, как приехал автобус?

— I had been waiting for forty minutes.

HOW LONG + HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN + V-ING ?

КАРТОЧКА 9

FOR и SINCE

FOR

продолжительность

  • for two hours
  • for three days
  • for a long time

SINCE

точка начала

  • since Monday
  • since 5 o'clock
  • since morning

He had been working for three hours before lunch.

She had been studying since 7 a.m. before the power went out.

FOR и SINCE — подсказки, а не автоматическое правило. Время выбирает контекст.

КАРТОЧКА 10

Два важных момента

1. ТОЧКА В ПРОШЛОМ

The bus arrived.

2. ПРОЦЕСС ДО НЕЁ

I had been waiting for 30 minutes.

КАРТОЧКА 11

Две основные ситуации

СИТУАЦИЯ 1

Процесс длился до другого события в прошлом

When the teacher came in, the children had been talking for ten minutes.

Когда учитель вошёл, дети разговаривали уже десять минут.

TALKING
████████████████████
                    ● TEACHER CAME

Точка отсчёта — приход учителя. До неё шёл процесс.

СИТУАЦИЯ 2

Процесс закончился, но результат был виден в прошлом

Tom was tired because he had been running.

Том устал, потому что до этого бегал.

RUNNING
██████████████■
               ● TOM WAS TIRED

Процесс мог уже закончиться, но его результат виден в тот момент прошлого.

КАРТОЧКА 12

Не путай с Past Continuous

PAST CONTINUOUS

ЧТО ПРОИСХОДИЛО В ТОТ МОМЕНТ?

At 6 p.m. I was studying.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

КАК ДОЛГО ДО ТОГО МОМЕНТА?

By 6 p.m. I had been studying for two hours.

PAST CONTINUOUS
────────████ 18:00 ████────────

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
████████████████→ 18:00 ★

КАРТОЧКА 13

Точка отсчёта

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
████████████████→ NOW ★

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
████████████→ PAST ★ ─────────→ NOW

КАРТОЧКА 14

Напомним V-ing

work → workingstudy → studyingmake → makingrun → runninglie → lying
Повторить правила -ing

КАРТОЧКА 15

DID не нужен

❌ Did Tom had been working?

❌ Did Tom been working?

✅ Had Tom been working?

Помощник уже есть — это HAD.

КАРТОЧКА 16

BEEN не пропускаем

❌ I had studying for two hours.

❌ I had been study for two hours.

✅ I had been studying for two hours.

HAD → BEEN → ING

КАРТОЧКА 17

Система Continuous

Present Continuous

AM / IS / ARE + V-ING

процесс сейчас

Past Continuous

WAS / WERE + V-ING

процесс тогда

Present Perfect Continuous

HAVE / HAS + BEEN + V-ING

процесс до сейчас

Past Perfect Continuous

HAD + BEEN + V-ING

процесс до момента в прошлом

КАРТОЧКА 18

Глаголы состояния

knowbelieveunderstandwantneedlove

✅ By then, I had known Anna for five years.

❌ I had been knowing Anna for five years.

КАРТОЧКА 19

Слова-подсказки

for two hours — в течение двух часовsince morning — с утраall day — весь деньbefore — до того какby the time — к тому времени, когдаwhen — когда (момент прошлого)how long — как долго

ШПАРГАЛКА

Запомни главное

HAD + BEEN + V-ING

ПРОЦЕСС / ДЛИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ДО МОМЕНТА В ПРОШЛОМ

+ I had been working.

− I hadn't been working.

? Had I been working?

FOR → продолжительность. SINCE → начало.