PAST • ПРОШЕДШЕЕ

Past Simple

Было → закончилось • ← ● ───────── NOW

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TENSY

Отправляемся в прошлое! Здесь главное — понять, что уже произошло и закончилось.

КАРТОЧКА 1

Главная идея Past Simple

БЫЛО → ЗАКОНЧИЛОСЬ

← ● ───────── NOW

I watched a film yesterday.

Я посмотрел фильм вчера.

Действие произошло вчера и завершилось.

Главный вопрос: ЧТО ПРОИЗОШЛО?

КАРТОЧКА 2

Когда используем

СЛУЧАЙ 1 · ЗАКОНЧЕННОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ В ПРОШЛОМ

I visited London last year.

Я посетил Лондон в прошлом году.

Действие произошло и закончилось.

СЛУЧАЙ 2 · ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ СОБЫТИЙ

I got up, had breakfast and went to school.

Я встал, позавтракал и пошёл в школу.

got up → had breakfast → went to school

СЛУЧАЙ 3 · ПОВТОРЯЮЩИЕСЯ ДЕЙСТВИЯ В ПРОШЛОМ

When I was a child, I played football every day.

Когда я был ребёнком, я каждый день играл в футбол.

every day здесь не значит Present Simple — решает контекст.

КАРТОЧКА 3

Две системы Past Simple

УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ → V2

I played.

I went.

ВОПРОС / ОТРИЦАНИЕ → DID + V1

Did you play?

I didn't play.

DID ЗАБИРАЕТ ПРОШЛОЕ СЕБЕ

I went. → Did you go?
Не: Did you went?

КАРТОЧКА 4

Утверждение

HeSUBJECT · ктоdoesAUX · помощникplayVERB · смысловой глаголevery dayMARKER · слово-маркер

Subject + V2

ISUBJECTplayedVERB · V2footballOBJECTyesterdayMARKER

Правильные глаголы образуют V2 просто: V1 + ED.

play → played
work → worked
visit → visited

I played football yesterday.

She watched a film.

Tom visited his grandmother.

КАРТОЧКА 5

Неправильные глаголы

Past Simple → смотри V2

V1	V2 (Past Simple)	V3	Перевод
go	went	gone	идти
see	saw	seen	видеть
eat	ate	eaten	есть
write	wrote	written	писать
take	took	taken	брать
come	came	come	приходить
do	did	done	делать
have	had	had	иметь
make	made	made	делать, создавать
buy	bought	bought	покупать
give	gave	given	давать
find	found	found	находить

КАРТОЧКА 6

V2 или V3?

🔁 PAST SIMPLE

→ V2

I went.

✓ PRESENT PERFECT

→ HAVE / HAS + V3

I have gone.

go → went → gone · V1 → V2 → V3

КАРТОЧКА 7

Окончание -ED

Обычный случай: V1 + ed

play → played · work → worked

Слово на -e: добавляем только -d

live → lived · like → liked

Согласная + y → -ied

study → studied · try → tried

Короткое слово, согласная удваивается

stop → stopped · plan → planned

КАРТОЧКА 8

Отрицание

Subject + didn't + V1

ISUBJECTdidn'tAUXplayVERB · V1footballOBJECT

did not → didn't

I didn't play football.

She didn't watch the film.

Tom didn't go to school.

После DID / DIDN'T — только V1

❌ I didn't went.

✅ I didn't go.

DID уже показывает прошлое, поэтому второму глаголу V2 больше не нужен.

КАРТОЧКА 9

Вопрос

DID + subject + V1 ?

DidAUXyouSUBJECTplayVERB · V1football?OBJECT

Did you play football?

Did she watch the film?

Did Tom go to school?

Tom went to school.

↓

Did Tom go to school?

Вопросительные слова

Question word + DID + subject + V1 ?

Where did you go?

What did she buy?

When did Tom arrive?

Why did they leave?

КАРТОЧКА 10

Глагол BE: was / were

BE ведёт себя иначе: am / is → was, are → were.

I was

He was

She was

It was

You were

We were

They were

Отрицание

was not → wasn't · were not → weren't

I wasn't tired. They weren't at school.

Вопрос

Was she at home? Were they tired?

Не: Did she be at home?

WAS / WERE работают сами

Обычный глагол: Did Tom play?

BE: Was Tom tired?

КАРТОЧКА 11

Слова-подсказки

yesterday — вчераlast night — вчера вечеромlast week — на прошлой неделеlast year — в прошлом году... ago — ... назадin 2020 — в 2020 годуwhen I was... — когда я был(а)...then — затем

Это подсказки, а не автоматический выбор времени. Главное — законченная ситуация в прошлом.

AGO = назад

two days ago · three years ago · an hour ago

AGO стоит после промежутка времени: three days ago. Не: ago three days.

КАРТОЧКА 12

Мини-шпаргалка

	Формула	Пример
+	Subject + V2	I played football.
−	Subject + didn't + V1	I didn't play football.
?	Did + subject + V1 ?	Did you play football?
BE	was / were	I was tired. They were at home.

Главная формула: V2 · но DID → V1